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Wednesday, October 7, 2009

SAP: Customer Master Account Groups and Partner Functions – Overview

SAP customer partner functions can be confusing, especially for us GL guys who deal mostly in journal entries and rarely see any sales order action. This stuff is old hat for SD and finance guys. These are some notes on this topic as I’m trying to get my arms around the customer master. Here are notes on how our company is using the account groups/partner functions:

* VD01 is t-code for creating customers
* SAP is favoring the term “business partner” over customer
* First thing to understand, when talking about a Customer number in SAP, you are generally talking about a Business Partner record that has been assigned a particular account group which controls the information and functions that business partner can have. Business partners can be linked to other business partners through partner functions.
* The 4 most basic partner functions are: Sold-to, Ship-to, Payer, and Bill-to
* Depending upon the account group assigned to a business partner, it can function as one or all of those partner functions for itself or any other business partner in your system
* Account groups determine which fields in the customer master record are required, optional, or suppressed. By turning off certain field in an account group, you limit which partner function it can perform
* The 4 basic account groups and the partner functions they generally serve:
o Sold-to (SP) account group – can function as following partner functions: Sold-to (SP), Ship-to (SH), Payer (PY), or Bill-to (BP)
o Ship-to (SH) account group – can function as following partner functions: SH
o Payer (PY) account group – can function as following partner functions: PY or BP
o Bill-to (BP) account group – can function as following partner functions: BP or PY

Copyright whypad

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Wednesday, April 22, 2009

A Simple Example on User Exits

User exits :

1. Introduction
2. How to find user exits
3. Using Project management of SAP Enhancements

1. Introduction:

User exits (Function module exits) are exits developed by SAP. The exit is implementerd as a call to a functionmodule. The code for the function module is writeen by the developer. You are not writing the code directly in the function module, but in the include that is implemented in the function module.

The naming standard of function modules for functionmodule exits is:
EXIT_<3>

The call to a functionmodule exit is implemented as:
CALL CUSTOMER.-FUNCTION <3>

Example:

The program for transaction VA01 Create salesorder is SAPMV45A

If you search for CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION i program
SAPMV45A you will find ( Among other user exits):

CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION ‘003′
exporting
xvbak = vbak
xvbuk = vbuk
xkomk = tkomk
importing
lvf_subrc = lvf_subrc
tables
xvbfa = xvbfa
xvbap = xvbap
xvbup = xvbup.

The exit calls function module EXIT_SAPMV45A_003

2. How to find user exits?

Display the program where you are searching for and exit and search for CALL CUSTOMER-EXIT

If you know the Exit name, go to transaction CMOD.

Choose menu Utillities->SAP Enhancements. Enter the exit name and press enter.

You will now come to a screen that shows the function module exits for the exit.

3. Using Project management of SAP Enhancements, we want to create a project to enahance trasnaction VA01 .

- Go to transaction CMOD
- Create a project called ZVA01
- Choose the Enhancement assign radio button and press the Change button

In the first column enter V45A0002 Predefine sold-to party in sales document.

Note that an enhancement can only be used in 1 project. If the enhancement is already in use, and error message will be displayed

Press Save

Press Components. You can now see that enhancement uses user exit EXIT_SAPMV45A_002. Double click on the exit.

Now the function module is displayed. Double click on include ZXVVAU04 in the function module

Insert the following code into the include: E_KUNNR = ‘2155′.

Activate the include program. Go back to CMOD and activate the project.

Goto transaction VA01 and craete a salesorder.

Note that Sold-to-party now automatically is “2155″

Source ~ SAPBIT

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Thursday, March 19, 2009

Source of supply

Source of supply is determined based on the data maintained in Quota arrangment, purchase info record, source list.

The system determines the source of supply of a requested material on the basis of the following factors (in the order shown):

1. Quota arrangement
The system first determines whether a quota arrangement within whose validity period the delivery date in the requisition falls exists for the material.
If a quota arrangement exists, the system determines the vendor from whom the material is to be procured according to the quotas assigned to the vendors and then suggests the source.

If no source can be determined this way, the system checks the source list.

2. Source list
The system determines whether an entry in the source list within whose validity period the delivery date of the requisition falls exists for the material. The source in question may be a fixed vendor or an outline agreement (contract or scheduling agreement).
If the source list contains a unique source, the requisition is assigned to that source.

If several sources are found, a box appears for selection purposes.

If no source could be determined, the existing outline agreements and info records are examined.

*3. Outline agreement and info record*The system searches for contracts, scheduling agreements, and info records for the material and suggests these.
(If info records with more than one purchasing organization exist, all info records of the purchasing organization(s) that is/are responsible for procurement for the requesting plant are also suggested.)

If several outline agreements and perhaps info records exist, all possible sources are offered for selection in a box.

When an info record is found, the following two additional checks are carried out:

Check of supply region
The system checks whether a certain supply region is specified in the associated vendor master record. If so, the system checks whether the plant in the purchase requisition belongs to this region. If not, the info record is discarded as a possible source.

Check of regular vendor
The system checks whether a regular vendor has been specified for the material (that is, a vendor valid for the entire corporate group, or client). If this is the case, and it has been specified in Customizing that the regular vendor takes precedence, the info record for this vendor will be preferred as the source.

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Material Price from Purchase info record in Purchase Requisition(PR)

Questions
As we all currently know that the price in PR is picked from material master and in PO from Info record. Is there a way wherein the PR will fetch the price from purchase info record.

Answer
Price from inforecord was not relevant at all for purchase requisition but it was for PO.
This because price field in the valuation tab for PR was come from valuation process from total
stock and total value of stock for inventory management. This was totally not related to price
from info record as the price from info record was for you to use in PO to procure the stock
but price from PR was totally for valuation of stock in IM.

I just want to tell you it was wrong if the price from I/R come to this field(PR) as it was really not make sense at all.

Source ~ SAPSDN

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Wednesday, March 4, 2009

One Storage Location for Two Different Plant

Can one storage location be extended to two different plants?

Eg plant PPL01-- storage loc 1) sc01 2)sc02.

Can another plant PPL02 have any of the storage locations of PPL01.

You can duplicate a storage location identifier at different plants but each of those is a unique storage location. For example Plant = 0001 Storage location = S001 and Plant = 0002 Storage location = S001. Those two storage locations, both called S001, are totally separate unique storage locations. They just both happen to be named S001. Material is valued at the plant level therefore you cannot have a single storage location that spans two plants.

A storage location has to be unique for a specific plant only. It cannot be common to two plants.

You can use the same storage location number for two different plants and the system identifies them uniquely based on the plant/storage location combination.

e.g (Storage location 01 in Plant Mumbai) and (Storage location 01 in Plant Bangalore).

Just ask yourself a question:

Which plant will the material in a given storage location belong to when you take the inventory at plant level ?

If physically you are using the same warehouse or godown for two different plants, still I am sure you are maintaining separate books for the inventory of each plant. These separate books are separate storage location in the system assigned to each plant though physically they are same.

Configure the Storage Location:
You can configure same store location for two diiferent plants:

Display IMG----- >Enterprice structure---> Definition----->Maintain storage location

Enter Storage Location for Each Material:

In Transaction MMSC enter Material and Plant and click List extendable slocs only.

Then enter sloc and save.

Source ~ SAP MM Blog

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Creation of same Material Code in Different Company Codes

Our requirement : To create one material code (eg., A123) with different material type (HALB & UNBW) in two different company's plants. We have created A123 material code with HALB in 1000 company's 1100 plant. While creating A123 material with UNBW material type in 2000 company's 2100 plant, system is taking default material type as HALB, as already created for 1000 company's 1100 plant.

This requirement is due to the Job work process (non-valuated material) in 2000 company.

The basic data (like Matl. no., description, UOM etc.) in material master are maintain at client level. We can not maintain the same at company code level. So in your case you have to maintain two seperate code for different companies, with different matl type.

But you can for the same material type to define, that in some valuation areas it has update by value and quantity, but in another valuation areas only by quantity. Maybe you don't have to have two material types:)

Detail and what are the settings are required in customization:

tr.code OMS2
1)Select details of material type and on end of screen in part 'Quantity/Value update" select for Value update radiobutton "By Valuation Area"

2)After that on left side of screen select folder "Quantity/Value update" and set in which areas you need value update by setting indicator in column "Value update".

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Saturday, February 28, 2009

SAP. What is it?

Definition & History

SAP, started in 1972 by five former IBM employees in Mannheim, Germany, states that it is the world’s largest inter-enterprise software company and the world’s fourth-largest independent software supplier, overall.

The original name for SAP was German: Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte, German for “Systems Applications and Products.” The original SAP idea was to provide customers with the ability to interact with a common corporate database for a comprehensive range of applications. Gradually, the applications have been assembled and today many corporations, including IBM and Microsoft, are using SAP products to run their own businesses.

SAP applications, built around their latest R/3 system, provide the capability to manage financial, asset, and cost accounting, production operations and materials, personnel, plants, and archived documents. The R/3 system runs on a number of platforms including Windows 2000 and uses the client/server model. The latest version of R/3 includes a comprehensive Internet-enabled package.

SAP has recently recast its product offerings under a comprehensive Web interface, called mySAP.com, and added new e-business applications, including customer relationship management (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM).

As of January 2007, SAP, a publicly traded company, had over 38,4000 employees in over 50 countries, and more than 36,200 customers around the world. SAP is turning its attention to small- and-medium sized businesses (SMB). A recent R/3 version was provided for IBM’s AS/400 platform.

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Wednesday, February 25, 2009

MM - Control the Output Format of your Material Numbers

In OMSL, you can define the following:

1. Input and output length of material numbers
(A material number can have a maximum of 18 characters).

2. Template for displaying or printing material numbers.
You indicate with an underscore any position in the material number that you do not want
to contain a template character.

3. Form in which material numbers are stored

4. Output with or without leading zeros

The settings are client independent.

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Tuesday, February 10, 2009

Changes in Material Valuation

Major Editors: Vinay Kumar Malik

Introduction

Most of the goods movements transactions in Inventory Management and every invoice receipt in Logistic Invoice Verification lead to changes in stock value. In case of goods receipts, the stock value is increased and in the case of goods issues, the stock value is reduced. Following are some the important transaction in the Standard SAP R/3 which always leads to changes in Material Valuation:

  • Delivery Free of Charge
  • Transfer Posting
  • Goods Receipt
  • Initial Entry of Inventory Data
  • Goods Issue
  • Goods Receipt Reversal
  • Logistic Invoice Verification
  • Subsequent Debits/Credits
  • Credit Memos
  • GR/IR Clearing Account Maintenance
  • Unplanned Delivery Cost
  • Cash discount
  • Material Price Changes
  • Posting of physical inventory differences
  • Revaluation/Devaluation of a material


Categorization

In the Standard SAP these changes are categorized as follows:

  • Automatic changes
  • Manual changes

Automatic Changes

Based on the configuration setting and type of price control assigned to material, changes in Material Valuation due to goods receipts and invoice receipts are carried out automatically when the relevant transaction is posted. Before carrying out these changes system always checks for availability of quantity. Increase/Decrease in Valuation depends on the availability of quantity. For all these adjustment quantity remains unchanged and system adjusts the valuation automatically.

Manual Changes

These changes are carried out manually by the end users during the following business transactions on as and when required basis:

  • Price change in material price
  • Material debit or credit
  • Physical inventory differences
Source - Sap Ittoolbox

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BOM explosion

can anybody tell me which function i should use for explosion of BOM and which parameters I have
to pass ??? Mostly i want to pass only material No and Plant or BOM no.

(I had already tried CS_BOM_EXPL_MAT_V2 by passing Material No & Plant No but it gives invalid
call)



Answer:

As per my knowledge some more parameters are needed to be passed
below is that call function that I had used...that might help you

CALL FUNCTION 'CS_BOM_EXPL_MAT_V2'
EXPORTING
aumng = 0
capid = 'PP01'
datuv = sy-datum
emeng = 1
mktls = 'X'
mehrs = 'X'
mtnrv = itab1-assly " i.e. as per my code

stlal = '01'
stlan = '1'
stpst = 0
svwvo = 'X'
werks = itab1-werks " i.e. Plant
TABLES
stb = tstb
.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO WITH SY-MSGV1
SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.


Regards
Parin Gada

Source - sapmaterial

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Monday, February 2, 2009

ASAP Methodolgy

The ASAP methodology adheres to a specific road map that addresses the following five general phases:

1. Project Preparation, in which the project team is identified and mobilized, the project standards are defined, and the project work environment is set up;

2. Blueprint, in which the business processes are defined and the business blueprint document is designed;

3. Realization, in which the system is configured, knowledge transfer occurs, extensive unit testing is completed, and data mappings and data requirements for migration are defined;

4. Final Preparation, in which final integration testing, stress testing, and conversion testing are conducted, and all end users are trained; and

5. Go-Live and Support, in which the data is migrated from the legacy systems, the new system is activated, and post-implementation support is provided.


ASAP incorporates standard design templates and accelerators covering every functional area within the system, as well as supporting all implementation processes. Complementing the ASAP accelerators, the project manager can create a comprehensive project plan, covering the overall project, project staffing plan, and each sub-process such as system testing, communication and data migration. Milestones are set for every work path, and progress is carefully tracked by the project management team.

Effective Communication

Weekly update meetings ensure full communication between the project team, the client project team, and project management. These meeting are used not only to update on project status, but also to identify any issues or risk areas that may threaten the project. By identifying these problems early, they are more easily mitigated and resolved, reducing their impact on the project timeline.

Ensuring Quality and Mitigating Risk

Project quality is verified near the completion of each project phase. Using existing ASAP checklists, these quality checks ensure that all tasks for the phase have been completed properly, that all relevant documentation has been kept, and that all tasks required to commence the next phase of the project have been completed.

In addition to the specific project team, companies may use Quality Assurance reviews on all of its projects to ensure that experience gained on other projects has been taken into account and that the optimum system design has been utilized.

Source - SAP MM

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Sunday, February 1, 2009

Interview Questions

The following are some sample interview questions I have taken from the internet, sample certification questions, and from my own experience.

1. What is the difference between the stock transfer between two plants belonging to same company code and those belonging to different company code?
2. What are the fields in Purchasing view?
3. What are the steps in automatic account assignment config.
4. How do you create movement types? What are the steps involved? When will you recommend a new movement type?
5. What is meant by access sequence? When it is used?
6. How does the PO pick up the pricing schema?
7. What are the steps involved in creating a pricing procedure?
8. What are the types of special stocks available?
9. What are the types of inforecords?
10. What is meant by consignment stock?
11. What are the steps involved in consignment cycle?
12. Tell me about the subcontracting cycle.
13. How is scrap accounted in subcontracting?
14. How are the byproducts taken care of in subcontracting?
15. Tell me about the various movement types and usage.
16. What is meant by scales? Can scales be used in standard purchase order?
17. What is the difference between a contract and a scheduling agreement?
18. How does the system calculate taxes?
19. How does the system calculate nondeductible taxes?
20. What is meant by batches? How can the batches be searched?
21. How is a shelf-life item managed in SAP? What is the full cycle?
22. What are the settings required for quota arrangement?
23. What is meant by MRP Type and lot sizing?
24. Can it be configured in such a way that the external requisitions can also be taken into account while MRP runs in consumption-based planning if VB is selected as MRP type?
25. What is a reference purchase organization? When can it be used?
26. Explain the concept of split valuation and when can it be used? What are the settings required?
27. What are valuation area, valuation category and valuation class?
28. What is meant by a credit memo?
29. How are free items managed in a PO?
30. What is meant by a release strategy?
31. What are release groups and release codes?
32. What are the differences between release procedure with classification and release procedure without classification? When are they used?
32. Is it possible to have a release procedure without classification for a PO?
33. What is the maximum number of levels available in SAP?
35. Is it possible to have scales in a quotation?
36. What is GR blocked stock? When it can be used?
37. What is the movement type for return to vendor? How to reverse it?
38. How are the variations in subcontracting taken care of in SAP?
39. What are the tools available for data migration in SAP?
40. What is LSMW?
41. What is the difference between LSMW and CATT?
42. How to give specifications for developments?
43. How do you plan for a vendor rating system and move about?
44. What is RTP?
45. What is the movement type used in receipt of RTP?
46. How is an item with serial no. managed?
47. How do you make variants?
48. What are the types of tables in SAP?
49. How to inventory excise duty in SAP?
50. What are the documents generated in the MIGO 101 movement type? What are the accounts hit?

Here are some SAP MM Certification sample questions you should know the answer to:

Question:
You wish to procure a material using a purchase order. You wish to take delivery of the material at different times. A graduated discount scale exists for the material. How do you proceed if you wish to take advantage of the discount arrangement?

Answers:
A) Enter several order items with the same material number and different delivery dates.
B) Enter one order item with the material number and assign the material to different accounts.
C) Enter an order item with the material number and create a number of schedule lines.
D) Enter a number of purchase orders for the material and specify different delivery dates.

Question:
In the purchase order on which the goods receipt is based, you defined a purchase order unit that differs from the purchase order unit. What is the significance of the purchase order price unit and what should you take note of in the case of a goods receipts?

Answers:
A) The purchase order price unit is stored in the material master record or purchasing info record and defines the unit of measure in which the material is ordered.
B) The system establishes the relationship between the purchase order price unit and the purchase order unit conversion in the purchase order.
C) At the time of goods receipt, both the quantity in the purchase order unit and the quantity in the purchase order price unit have to be entered, however, the quantity in purchase order piece unit is calculated by the system. You have to change it when the calculated quantity differs from reality.
D) Both at the time of goods receipt and invoice verification, the material is valuated on the basis of the purchase order unit.

Question:
You enter a goods issue and receive the following message: "W: On , only 0.000 pieces are available". What do you conclude from this?

Answers:
A) No stocks of the material exist anywhere in the entire plant. Therefore, nothing can be withdrawn.
B) Only the specified storage location does not contain any stocks of the material. Therefore, nothing can be withdrawn.
C) The material exist in the specified storage location on the current day, however, it is unavailable, because of other reservations.
D) The message represents a warning which you can ignore by pressing the
ENTER key.

Question:
Which of the following statements on procuring a material of the material type NLAG are correct?

Answers:
A) The purchase order must be account assigned.
B) The goods receipt must always be unvaluated.
C) When you enter an invoice, you can change the account assignment as long as the goods receipt was unvaluated.
D) When the material is for consumption, no document is ever created in Financial Accounting.

Question:
Which of the following stock transfer are relevant to valuation?

Answers:
A) Stock transfer from storage location to storage location in the same plant or company code.
B) Stock transfer from consignment stores of vendor XY to our unrestricted-use stock in storage location 0001.
C) Stock transfer from stock in quality inspection in storage location 001 to stock in quality inspection in storage location 0002 in the same plant.
D) Stock transfer of a material from storage location 0001 from plant 0001
to plant 0002. The plants belong to the same company, however the valuation areas are different (valuation level is plant).

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How to Change Valuation Class in Material Master

How to change valuation class, even if all the stocks are zero and there is no pending orders as well?

Option 1:
Goto tcode MMAM - This tcode is for changing the material type and not valuation class.

If you change the material type in MMAM transaction automatically the valuation class will be changed in material master. The system will take the changed material type valuation class which was created for that material type.

Option 2:
Goto tcode MM02 - Accounting View 1 - This tcode is to change the valuation class directly.

Whether you can or cannot change the valuation class directly without changing the material type depends on your own company img settings.

If you want to change the valuation class, there may be because of one or more of the following already exist for the material:

1) Valuated stocks in the current period or in the previous period.

2) Open purchase orders may be there.

3) Production orders which a goods movement has already taken place.

For this first you have to do the following:

If valuated stocks already exist, you can change the valuation class only:

a) Post the stocks of the material to an interim account.

b) Change the valuation class in the material master record.

c) Post the stocks of the material back to their original account.

If open purchase orders already exist, you can only change the valuation class if you first flag the corresponding purchase order items for deletion.

If production orders exist for which a goods movement has already taken place, you can only change the valuation class if you first set the status of the production orders to deleted

By this you can keep the same material type as FG and can assign the proper valuation class.

Tips by : Chidanand

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Saturday, January 31, 2009

Consignment

Consignment means that a vendor provides you with materials that you store on your premises. The vendor remains the legal owner of the material until you withdraw it from the consignment stores. Only then does the vendor require payment. The withdrawn quantity of the material is invoiced at prearranged intervals (monthly, for example). In addition, you can also arrange with the vendor that you include any remaining consignment stocks in your own stock after a certain period of time.

SAP R/3 meets the following requirements for the management of consignment stock:

  • The consignment stock is managed under the same material number as your own stock. This enables you to include consignment stock in the available stock of a material.
  • Consignment stocks of the same material from different vendors are managed separately and at the respective vendor's price.
  • Consignment stocks are not valuated. When the material is withdrawn, it is valuated at the respective vendor's price.
  • A consignment material can be managed in one of three stock types:

- Unrestricted-use stock

- Stock in quality inspection

- Blocked stock

You can make transfer postings among all three stock types. However, withdrawals can be made only from unrestricted-use stock.

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